Dr. Victor Miguel Ponce

UNIX PRIMER (Version 020913)

UNIX Command	Action
alias h 'history'	sets h as alias to history command
cat myfile.html	displays myfile.html, stopping at end-of-file
cat myfile.html | more	displays myfile.html, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return
cd	steps up to default (home) directory
cd ..	steps up one directory level
cd ../xyz	changes to directory xyz at same level
cd directoryx	steps down one directory level to directoryx
cd /usr/local/apache	changes to directory /usr/local/apache
chmod a+rwx abc	adds read/write/execute capabilities to user, group, and others on file abc
chmod g+w abc	adds write capability to group on file abc
chmod o+r abc	adds read capability to others on file abc
chmod u+x abc	adds execute capability to user on file abc
chmod o-r abc	removes read capability to others on file abc
chmod o-wx abc	removes write and execute capability to others on file abc
chmod 444 abcde	adds read capability to user, group, and others on file abcde
chmod 555 abcde	adds read and execute capability to user, group, and others on file abcde
chmod 666 abcde	adds read and write capability to user, group, and others on file abcde
chmod 655 abcde	adds read and write capability to user and read and execute capability to group and others on file abcde
chmod 700 abcde	adds read, write and execute capability to user and removes all capabilities for group and others on file abcde
chmod 777 abcde	adds read, write and execute capability to user, group, and others on file abcde
convert -border 8 -bordercolor darkkhaki -raise 8 a.jpg ab.jpg	convert a.jpg image to ab.jpg image which has an 8-pixel-colored (darkkhaki) 8-pixel-raised border
convert_im -border 8 -bordercolor darkkhaki -raise 8 a.jpg ab.jpg	convert a.jpg image to ab.jpg image which has an 8-pixel-colored (darkkhaki) 8-pixel-raised border (attila server)
cp a.html b.html	copies a.html into b.html
date	displays calendar date and time
du -a	prints number of 512-byte blocks in use by each directory
emacs myfile.html	invokes Edit-MACroS editor to edit myfile.html
find myfi*	lists all files starting with myfi in current directory and all others below it
find . -type d -print	lists all directory files in current directory
find . -type d -print | more	lists all directory files in current directory, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return
find $home -type d -print	lists all directory files in home directory
find $home -type d -print | more	lists all directory files in home directory, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return
find /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ponce -name '*.htm*' -exec chmod 0 {} \;	Disables browsing
ftp hostname	to transfer files to and from remote hostname
f77 myfile.f -o myfile	compiles myfile.f and creates executable myfile under Fortran77
f90 myfile.f -o myfile	compiles myfile.f and creates executable myfile under Fortran90
grep abc	globally find regular expression abc and print
history	lists history of n commands previously run on terminal window; n set in .cshrc
history -r	lists history of commands in reverse order
history 10	lists last 10 commands, instead of the n set in .cshrc
jobs	lists active jobs
kill 1234	terminates process 1234, listed by ps -f -u ownerx shown below
limit	show current limits on shell processes such as cputime
ln abc.html a.html	creates a pseudonym a.html for existing file abc.html
logout	terminates the login shell (closes the terminal window)
lp myfile.ps	sends 1 copy of postscript file myfile.ps to defaulf printer
lp -n 5 myfile.ps	sends 5 copies of postscript file myfile.ps to default printer
lp -d lex myfile.ps	sends 1 copy of postscript file myfile.ps to destination printer lex
lprm jones	removes all jones jobs queued on default printer
lpstat -d	show the default printer destination
ls	lists current directory
ls -a	lists directory including hidden files, preceded with period (.)
ls -l	lists current directory showing protection, owner, size, and date
ls -l | more	lists current directory, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return
ls -al | grep abc	lists current directory, including hidden files (a), and link with (pipe |) grep abc (globally find regular expression abc and print)
ls *xyz.*	lists all files with name ending string 'xyz', in current directory
mkdir protected12	creates subdirectory protected12 in current directory
more myfile.html	displays beginning of myfile.html, then, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return
mv abc.html def.html	renames abc.html as def.html
mv abc.html /usr/jones	moves abc.html into subdirectory /usr/jones
ps -f -u userx	reports active processes in full (f) only (u) for userx
ps -ef | grep ssh	globally find regular expression ssh and print
pwd	prints (displays) working (current) directory
rehash	refreshes terminal window to operate newly installed software
rm bde.html	removes (deletes) bde.html
scp aaa.f hostname:	makes a secure copy of file aaa.f in root directory of hostname
scp -r aaa name:aaaback	makes a secure copy of subdirectory aaa in subdirectory aaaback of host name
source .cshrc	executes .cshrc file
ssh hostname	secure shell (login) to hostname (requires username and password)
ssh -l groupmember localhost	secure shell (login) to groupmember on local host (requires username and password)
ssh attila.sdsu.edu -l jones	secure shell (login) to user jones in attila.sdsu.edu (requires password)
strings modelr.res | lp -d ps231b	removes binary strings from modelr.res and prints to printer labeled ps231b
su - groupmember	switch (login) to groupmember (requires password)
telnet hostname	communicate with hostname using telnet (requires username and password)
time myfile	executes myfile and shows time usage
unlimit cputime	changes cputime on current shell to unlimited
who	lists users currently logged into the system
whois abc.com	queries domain name database for ownership/status of abc.com
xemacs myfile.html	invokes eXtended Edit-MACroS editor to edit myfile.html
!12	executes command no. 12 listed by the history command

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